OBJECTIVE: Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome (CP/ CPPS) is a common urological condition characterized by pelvic pain and urinary symptoms, significantly affecting the quality of life. This study evaluates the efficacy of Tadalafil, a phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor, as an adjunct therapy in patients with CP/CPPS and concomitant erectile dysfunction (ED).
MATRERIAL and METHODS: This retrospective study included 70 patients diagnosed with CP/CPPS and ED who presented to Training and Research Hospital between January 2020 and June 2022. Patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 (n=35) received standard treatment (ciprofloxacin and diclofenac sodium), and Group 2 (n=35) received the same standard treatment plus Tadalafil 5 mg once daily for four weeks. Symptom scores were evaluated using the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), NIH Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI), and International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF). Statistical analysis was performed using IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) program version 25.0, with a p-value of <0.05 considered significant.
RESULTS: The baseline characteristics were comparable between the two groups. Group 2 showed significantly greater improvements in VAS pain scores, NIH-CPSI pain scores, NIH-CPSI urinary scores, IPSS, NIH- CPSI QoL scores, and IIEF scores compared to Group 1 (p<0.01 for all). These results suggest that Tadalafil significantly enhances pain relief, urinary symptom improvement, quality of life, and erectile function in CP/CPPS patients with ED.
CONCLUSION: The addition of Tadalafil to the standard treatment regimen for CP/CPPS significantly improves pain, urinary symptoms, quality of life, and erectile function. Tadalafil is an effective adjunct therapy for CP/CPPS patients with concomitant ED, offering a comprehensive approach to managing this challenging condition.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the information content, quality, and reliability of videos on menopause hormone replacement therapy.
MATRERIAL and METHODS: The research data was obtained by searching YouTube using the keyword “menopause hormone therapy”. The first 100 most relevant videos were analyzed. After evaluation according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 35 videos were included in the analysis. The videos included in this study were organized by publication date and compiled into a playlist. Two independent researchers evaluated the reliability, quality and information content of the videos. The Modified DISCERN Scale, Global Quality Scale (GQS) and menopause hormone therapy content checklist were used to evaluate the videos.
RESULTS: It was determined that 42.85% of the videos included in this study were uploaded by individual physician accounts and 62.85% of the narrators were gynecologists and obstetricians. The reliability modified DISCERN score of the videos was 2.22±1.00 and the quality GQS score was 2.35±0.91. A weak negative correlation was found between the number of views of YouTube videos and the DISCERN score (test=-0.278, p=0.106). No significant relationship was observed between the number of views of the videos and the GQS score (test=- 0.060, p=0.734). A positive correlation was noted between the duration of the videos and the DISCERN score (test=0.195, p=0.262), while no significant correlation was found between the GQS score and video duration (test=0.058, p=0.747). It was found that the videos generally had limited compliance with the guideline recommendations in the menopause hormone therapy content checklist.
CONCLUSION: YouTube videos on menopause hormone replacement therapy have been found to be of low quality and have limited information content. Therefore, to improve the reliability and quality of videos on menopause hormone replacement therapy, it is important for health professionals to prepare unbiased content based on evidence- based information.

OBJECTIVE: Erectile dysfunction (ED) has been accepted as the most important sexual dysfunction in men with diabetes mellitus (DM). The prevalence of ED is approximately 3.5 times higher in men with DM than in those without DM. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of PRP, Li- ESWT monotherapy and Li-ESWT+PRP combination therapy in the treatment of diabetic ED.
MATRERIAL and METHODS: Diabetic patients diagnosed with erectile dysfunction in our clinic were included in the study. Before the treatment, each patient filled out the IIEF-EF form. The patients were divided into 3 groups. The first group received Li-ESWT alone, 2 sessions per week, a total of 12 sessions, the second group received intracavernosal PRP once a week, a total of 6 sessions.The 3rd group received PRP once a week for a total of 6 sessions, along with Li-ESWT twice a week for a total of 12 sessions.. Patients were called for control at the end of the 1st, 3rd and 6th months after the end of the treatment. The success of the treatment was evaluated by filling out the IIEF-EF form for all three groups.
RESULTS: A total of 93 patients were included in the study. The IIEF-EF score of the patients before treatment was 17.84±2.95. it was found that the IIEF-EF scores in the Li-ESWT+PRP group after treatment were significantly higher than the IIEF-EF scores in the PRP alone and Li- ESWT alone groups (p<0.001) (Table-1). No serious side effects were observed among the patients participating in the study.
CONCLUSION: Li-ESWT and intracavernous PRP treatment, which are promising treatments in the treatment of ED, provided improvement in the erectile functions of diabetic patients. Li-ESWT and PRP combination treatment increased erectile functions even more. Combined regenerative treatments may be a more appropriate approach in the treatment of ED in diabetic patients.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine individuals’ perspectives on sexual myths using pre-interview and post-interview methods collected to evaluate the impact of sexual and reproductive health education on nursing students.
MATRERIAL and METHODS: In the study, a pre-test - post-test design was determined using qualitative research method and the dates of May-July 2023 were collected. The sample of the study consisted of 33 first-year nursing students taking the Sexual and Reproductive Health course. In the study, pre-test data were collected from the students through a semi- structured interview form before any training was given on the first day of the course. Ten weeks later, after the course topics were completed, post-test data were collected.
RESULTS: Based on the pre-interview findings of the students’ opinions on the 9 questions in the study, it is possible to classify them into 2 themes: positive and negative opinions. When the themes are evaluated, it is seen that the students did not have a negative opinion only for the myth presented in question 4, while they had both positive and negative opinions for all other sexual myth questions. After the training, it was determined that the students developed positive views towards sexual myths in the post-test data.
CONCLUSION: Regular and effective education given to students will be effective in eliminating misconceptions about sexuality and establishing the concept of safe sexuality.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the perioperative outcomes, erectile function, and postoperative storage symptoms between bipolar transurethral resection of the prostate (B-TURP) and holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).
MATRERIAL and METHODS: This retrospective comparative study included 85 patients who underwent B-TURP (n=47) or HoLEP (n=38) between January 2023 and September 2024. All patients underwent preoperative evaluation, including the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF), and uroflowmetry. Postoperative assessments were performed at two months. Storage symptoms were evaluated using IPSS questions 2, 4, and 7, respectively. Erectile function was assessed using the IIEF-5 and subscores. Urethral stricture was confirmed using uroflowmetry, cystoscopy, and retrograde urethrography. Comparative statistics, multivariable regression, and ROC analyses were performed.
RESULTS: The baseline characteristics were similar between the groups. HoLEP was associated with significantly lower hemoglobin drop (0.57±1.05 vs. 3.48±1.82 g/dL), shorter catheterization (1.55 vs. 2.79 days), and hospitalization (1.5 vs. 3.6 days; all p <0.001). Postoperative erectile function (IIEF-5) was comparable between the groups (p=0.08). However, storage symptoms improved more significantly in the HoLEP group (IPSS 2, 4, 7 scores: 6.63 vs. 9.34; p <0.001). Multivariable regression identified surgical technique as the only independent predictor of storage symptom relief (β=-3.80, p <0.001). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed moderate discriminative power (AUC=0.745) for the multivariate model.
CONCLUSION: HoLEP provides superior perioperative safety and significantly better improvement in storage symptoms compared with B-TURP, with comparable preservation of erectile function. It may be preferred in patients with a high irritative symptom burden.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of female genital body image and self-esteem on sexual functions in women during the postpartum period.
MATRERIAL and METHODS: A descriptive and relational study was conducted with 153 postpartum women using a snowball sampling method. Data were collected through the female genital self-image scale (FGSIS), Rosenberg self-esteem scale (RSES), and female sexual function index (FSFI). Multiple regression analysis was performed to identify predictors of sexual function.
RESULTS: FGSIS and RSES were positively correlated with FSFI, with RSES (β=0.283, p <0.001) and FGSIS (β=0.218, p=0.006) emerging as significant predictors of sexual function. Higher self-esteem and a more positive genital self-image were associated with better sexual function, particularly in arousal, lubrication, orgasm, and satisfaction subdomains.
CONCLUSION: Postpartum women’s sexual function is significantly influenced by genital self-image and self-esteem. Psychological interventions and postpartum care strategies focusing on improving body image and self-esteem could enhance sexual health outcomes.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relations and effects of surgery on gonadotropin test values, venous reflux on Doppler ultrasound, and ipsilateral hypotrophy on physical examination.
MATRERIAL and METHODS: Adolescent patients (aged 13–17 years) with left-sided varicocele and Tanner stage 5 who were treated between 2016 and 2024 were included in the study. Preoperative and postoperative follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), LH, Total testosterone results were recorded. Patients underwent ultrasound Doppler and presence of venous reflux, varicocele degree were demonstrated. Testicular hypotrophy was evaluated in physical examination. Only patients with left varicocele accompanied by testicular underwent surgery.
RESULTS: A total of 72 patients with left-sided varicocele were enrolled to the study. Among them, 42 developed testicular hypotrophy, while 30 had normal testicular volume. No correlation was observed between the degree of varicocele and testicular hypotrophy (p: 0, 16). Grade 1, 2, and 3 venous reflux was detected in 35 patients with grade 2 or grade 3 varicocele, while grade 4 reflux was observed in 37 patients. There was a statistically significant difference in the frequency of testicular hypotrophy in patients with grade 4 reflux compared to patients with low-grade reflux (p: 0.04). FSH levels was found to be high in patients with a high degree of varicocele (grade 3), compared to those with a low degree of varicocele and in those with a high degree of venous reflux, respect to low degree of reflux. FSH levels was found to be significantly higher in 17 patients especially those with grade 3 varicocele and grade 4 reflux and testicular hypotrophy (p: 0.03). A significant decrease in FSH levels was observed after surgery.
CONCLUSION: According to our study, preoperative FSH levels were elevated in patients with high-grade varicocele and high degree of vein reflux with testicular hypotrophy. Following surgery, a significant reduction in FSH levels was observed during postoperative follow-up.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between sexual health literacy and human papillomavirus (HPV) awareness and concern levels of adult women.
MATRERIAL and METHODS: This descriptive cross-sectional and correlational study was conducted between January 25 and March 20, 2025. The study included 400 women aged 18–65 who were reached via an online platform. The data were collected online using the “Personal Information Form”, “Sexual Health Literacy Scale (SHLS)” and “Human Papillomavirus Awareness and Concern Scale (HPV-ACS)”. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression analysis were used in the analysis of the data.
RESULTS: The mean total score of the women who participated in the study was 54.23±11.76 for SHLS and 41.88±7.39 for HPV-ACS. A significant difference was found between SHLS total scores and the presence of active sexual life, receiving information about sexual health, information source, expressing sexual health issues comfortably, receiving information about cervical cancer screening, having pap-smear test and being diagnosed with cervical cancer (p<0.05). A significant difference was found between having sexual experience before marriage and receiving information about sexual health and HPV-ACS total scores (p<0.05). According to the correlation analysis, a significant relationship was found between SHLS total score and sexual knowledge, sexual attitude, HPV-ACS total score, health concerns and awareness status (p<0.05). A significant correlation was found between HPV- ACS total score and sexual knowledge, sexual attitude, health concerns, concerns about being excluded, and awareness status (p<0.05).
CONCLUSION: Women’s sexual health literacy and HPV awareness and concerns were found to be at a moderate level. Human papillomavirus total score, knowledge about cervical cancer screening, and knowledge about sexual health were identified as important factors affecting sexual health literacy levels.

Penile prosthesis implantation remains a definitive treatment option for erectile dysfunction (ED) unresponsive to medical therapies. Currently, the most commonly employed surgical techniques for three-piece inf- latable penile prosthesis (IPP) placement are the penoscrotal (PS) and infrapubic (IP) approaches. This review presents a comparative analysis of these two methods in terms of historical development, technical de- tails, surgical outcomes, and complication rates. The PS approach offers a broader surgical field and direct access to the corpora cavernosa, while the IP technique provides advantages such as reduced scrotal dissection, shorter operative time, and earlier device activation. Although studies report differences in infection, hematoma, urethral injury, and erosion rates, patient and partner satisfaction appears similar between appro- aches. Surgical technique selection should be individualized based on patient anatomy, previous surgeries, and surgeon expertise. While both approaches are considered safe and effective, further high-quality rando- mized controlled trials are needed to establish clear superiority.

Although penile fracture is a rare emergency, it can lead to morbidity, particularly affecting the patient’s sexual life. If not managed appropriately, penile deformities may develop, potentially resulting in more complex complications. A 42-year-old male patient presented to the emergency room with swelling and bruising on his penis, which occurred approximately two hours earlier during sexual intercourse. A diagnosis of penile fracture was established. Physical examination revealed the characteristic “Eggplant Deformity.” There was no evidence of urethrorrhagia, and the patient had no difficulty urinating. An emergency surgical procedure was performed within six hours, and, interestingly, bilateral corpus cavernosum rupture was observed in the absence of urethral injury. The corpus cavernosum and other affected structures were primarily reconstructed. No penile curvature or erectile dysfunction was detected during the 6-month follow-up period.