OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to investigate the feasibility of low-intensity extracorporeal shock wave therapy (Li-ESWT) as a penile thickening method.
MATRERIAL and METHODS: The study population included 30 patients with erectile dysfunction. The mean age of the patients was 47 (range 26–57). The sexual function level of the patients was measured and recorded in both the flaccid and erect states, with the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) scoring used as the metric. Penile length and diameter were also measured and recorded. The treatment was administered once a week for a total of six sessions, with 3,000 shock waves delivered.
RESULTS: No statistically significant change was observed in penile length in either the flaccid or erect state after the treatment. However, a 6% and 7% increase was observed in the diameter of the flaccid and erect penis, respectively (p <0.001).
CONCLUSION: Li-ESWT can be utilized as a non-invasive method for penile thickening, serving as an alternative to filler injections or surgical procedures that carry significant risks.

OBJECTIVE: Testicular torsion (TT) is a severe pediatric emergency that can lead to organ loss. The prognostic value of the hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte, and platelet (HALP) score has been demonstrated in various vascular and inflammatory diseases and malignancies. Given the role of inflammation and reperfusion injury in TT, this study aimed to investigate the predictive value of the HALP score for orchiectomy in TT cases, comparing it with other hematologic parameters.
MATRERIAL and METHODS: This retrospective study included data from patients aged 10–25 years who were diagnosed with TT and underwent surgery between January 2005 and June 2024. Demographic data, hematologic parameters, and other preoperative data were recorded. The HALP score, along with other hematologic parameters indicative of inflammation, was evaluated for its ability to predict orchiectomy.
RESULTS: The patients with TT were divided into two groups: those who underwent detorsion or orchiopexy (Group 1, n=140) and those who underwent orchiectomy (Group 2, n=47). The groups had similar mean ages (p=0.939). While there was no significant difference in HALP scores between the groups (p=0.191), the monocyte-lymphocyte ratio showed a significant difference (p=0.046). Multivariable analysis indicated that the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-lymphocyte ratio were predictive of orchiectomy.
CONCLUSION: Our findings showed that the HALP score did not successfully predict orchiectomy following TT. However, other hematologic inflammatory markers may have predictive value for orchiectomy.

OBJECTIVE: The second and fourth finger ratio (2D: 4D) is accepted as an indicator of fetal androgen exposure, and it is stated that the androgenic effect exposed during the fetal period may be related to premature ejaculation. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the relationship between prenatal androgen exposure and lifelong premature ejaculation using 2D: 4D.
MATRERIAL and METHODS: The data of 146 patients with lifelong premature ejaculation and 183 patients without any sexual complaints were compared. Detailed history, demographic data, and self-estimated intravaginal ejaculation times were recorded. 2D: 4D measurements of both hands were made and compared with the control group. Ejaculation function was evaluated with the Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool, and erectile function was evaluated with the International Erectile Function Index.
RESULTS: The 2D: 4D measurements in the premature ejaculation and control groups were 0.971±0.017 and 0.978±0.019 (p=0.001) for the right hand, and 0.973±0.017 vs. 0.976±0.018 (p=0.087) for the left hand, respectively. There was a significant relationship between finger ratios and self-estimated intravaginal ejaculation times (for right hand; r=0.980, p= <0.001; for left hand; r=0.984, p= <0.001) and total Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool scores (for right hand; r=-0.982, p= <0.001; For left hand; r=-0.979, p= <0.001).
CONCLUSION: A lower 2D: 4D ratio was associated with shorter intravaginal ejaculation latency times. The findings suggested that increased fetal androgen exposure may be a risk factor for lifelong premature ejaculation.

OBJECTIVE: Young women are more prone to engaging in risky sexual behaviors, making them vulnerable to sexually transmitted diseases and unintended pregnancies. Considering that sexual health literacy may positively influence women’s protective behaviors against sexually transmitted diseases, this study examines the effect of sexual health literacy on protective behaviors in young adult women.
MATRERIAL and METHODS: This descriptive and relational study was conducted between May and September 2024 in an education and research hospital in Istanbul, with 256 women aged 18–24 years. The sample size was determined using power analysis. Data were collected through the Participant Information Form, the Sexual Health Literacy Scale, and the Protective Behaviors Against Sexually Transmitted Diseases Scale. The data were analyzed using statistical software, reliability was assessed with Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, and the significance level was set at 0.05.
RESULTS: The average age of the participants was 21.67±1.84 years, with the majority being university graduates and single. A total of 46.1 percent had received sexual health education. Sociodemographic factors significantly influenced sexual health literacy and protective behaviors. Participants working part-time and those who consumed alcohol occasionally had higher sexual health literacy scores. Those who had received sexual health education scored higher on both scales. Participants who used the internet for social media and video watching obtained higher scores in both scales. As sexual knowledge and attitudes improved, protective behaviors also increased. A positive relationship was found between sexual health literacy and protective behaviors.
CONCLUSION: The sexual health literacy levels of young adult women positively influence their protective behaviors against sexually transmitted diseases. Sociodemographic characteristics, education level, and sources of information play a significant role in this process. The findings highlight the importance of education and awareness programs to improve women’s sexual health literacy.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare body perception during sexual intercourse in pregnant women according to trimesters.
MATRERIAL and METHODS: This descriptive and comparative study was conducted in the Obstetrics and Gynecology Outpatient Clinic of a training and research hospital in southeastern Türkiye between April and October 2024 with 183 pregnant women selected by random sampling method. “Personal Information Form” and ‘(Body Exposure During Sexual Activities Questionnaire (BESAQ))’ were used as data collection tools. Data were analyzed with Mann Whitney-U, Kruskal Wallis and Spearman correlation tests. Dunn’s test was used for further analysis.
RESULTS: The mean BESAQ scores of pregnant women were found to be 1st trimester (1.54±0.42), 2nd trimester (1.51±0.51) and 3rd trimester (1.46±0.58). In the study, no statistically significant difference was observed between the mean scores of pregnant women according to trimesters (p>0.05).
CONCLUSION: In the study, although there was no significant difference in the way pregnant women perceived the body during sexual intercourse according to trimesters, it was found that the anxiety levels of pregnant women in each trimester due to focusing on body images during sexual intercourse were below the average. It was recommended that healthcare professionals should have in-depth knowledge about the changes in body perception of pregnant women during sexual intercourse in each trimester and provide evidence-based healthcare services.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to assess the accuracy and clinical utility of artificial intelligence (AI) platforms in responding to questions related to penile fracture, a rare but urgent urological emergency.
MATRERIAL and METHODS: Twenty-five questions addressing key clinical aspects of penile fracture were submitted to four AI platforms: ChatGPT, Copilot, Gemini, and Perplexity. Two expert urologists evaluated each response across five domains –relevance, clarity, structure, utility, and factual accuracy– using a 5-point Likert scale. Inter-rater reliability was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and statistical comparisons were made using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc tests.
RESULTS: Copilot and ChatGPT scored highest overall, with mean scores of 4.90 and 4.89 respectively, while Perplexity scored significantly lower (4.68; p <0.001). Copilot also achieved the highest ratings in clarity and factual accuracy. Inter-rater reliability was high, and dimensional analysis confirmed the consistent superiority of Copilot and ChatGPT in clinical relevance and clarity.
CONCLUSION: While AI platforms –especially Copilot and ChatGPT– show promise in generating medically relevant content about penile fracture, limitations in factual accuracy and clinical specificity remain. Caution is advised in using these tools in urgent care settings without professional oversight.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of relaxation of vaginal muscles with EMG measurements after transmucosal electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) application. We planned to implement a method that would allow our treatment success data to be easily collected and analyzed with instant digital EMG data.
MATRERIAL and METHODS: This study was conducted at our private clinic of between January 2022 and October 2024. The intravaginal device of the NeuroTrac MyoPlus2 Pro device (Verity Medical Ltd, Ireland) was placed into the vagina in an average of 30–45 seconds. Then, electromyography (EMG) measurements of voluntary contraction and relaxation were taken in the work and rest assessment mode, 5 seconds of contraction and 5 seconds of relaxation for 55 seconds. Then, intravaginal TENS was applied with the intravaginal apparatus in the current relaxation mode recorded in the device at 30 mA power for 20 minutes Then, EMG measurements of contraction and relaxation were taken during 5 seconds of voluntary contraction and 5 seconds of relaxation, for a total of 55 seconds.
RESULTS: 135 patients who underwent intravaginal device of the NeuroTrac MyoPlus2 Pro for vaginismus were included in this study. At work, average and lowest EMG values were significantly lower after therapy (22.8 vs 17.8 mV, p=0.013; 9.8 vs 8.1 mV, p<0.001, respectively). Highest EMG value and maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) value were similar before and after therapy. At rest, average, lowest, highest and MVC values were statistically significantly higher after therapy (3.8 vs 1.9 mV; 1.2 vs 0.6 mV; 13.8 vs 10.3 mV and 16% vs 13%, p<0.001, respectively).
CONCLUSION: The NeuroTrac MyoPlus2 Pro intravaginal device can be applied as an effective treatment modality in the management of vaginismus.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to present a metaphor analysis regarding questioning the sexual life of a woman while providing care through the eyes of nursing students.
MATRERIAL and METHODS: This study was conducted with 133 students studying at the Nursing Department of a state university in Zonguldak. The study data were collected using a questionnaire form developed by the researchers.
RESULTS: The mean age of the students was 22.0±1.87. While students 80.5% of them found their knowledge about sexuality sufficient, and 53.4% of them stated that they felt comfortable talking about sexuality. The results obtained from this study were associated with 5 categories in terms of the metaphors “The category of thinking that it is a normal and ordinary living space”, “The category of thinking that it is a special or shy area for the patient”, “The category of thinking that it is an area that is incomplete, unspoken and socially unprepared”, “The category of thinking that it is a shameful, bad or embarrassing area for oneself” and “The category of thinking that it is an area that one has difficulty with, does not like or cannot solve, and is afraid of the reactions that patients may give”. While only 1of these categories shows that questioning sexual life develops as a natural and comfortable process, the other 4 categories emphasize that this process is surrounded by various obstacles and is more painful.
CONCLUSION: According to the results of this study, it was determined that nursing students have taboos and obstacles in providing sexual health care services to patients. It is thought that the existence of taboos or obstacles on this subject may prevent holistic care, therefore it may be beneficial for address the subject of sexual care in detail and in a multidimensional manner.

Infertility is defined as the inability of a couple to achieve spontaneous pregnancy despite regular unprotected intercourse for one year. Approximately 15% of couples fail to conceive within this period and require infertility treatment. To categorize the underlying cause of infertility, both partners should be evaluated simultaneously. In about 50% of infertile couples, a male-related factor is identified, often associated with abnormal semen parameters. Furthermore, if the female partner is older than 35 years, an early infertility evaluation can be conducted after six months, incorporating medical history and physical examination. In 30–40% of cases classified as idiopathic male infertility, no identifiable male-related factor (such as comorbid conditions affecting fertility, abnormal physical examination findings, endocrine disorders, genetic abnormalities, or biochemical irregularities) is found to explain the deterioration in sperm parameters. Recent evidence suggests that idiopathic male infertility may be linked to previously unrecognized pathological factors, including environmental pollution, sperm DNA damage due to reactive oxygen species, and genetic or epigenetic abnormalities. Surgical treatments for male infertility vary depending on the underlying pathology. With advancements in technology and the integration of modern medical innovations into surgical interventions, several novel techniques have been developed. One of the most common etiological factors in male infertility is varicocele, which is currently treated predominantly through microsurgical varicocelectomy. Similarly, in men diagnosed with non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA), microsurgical testicular sperm extraction (micro-TESE) has become the standard surgical approach. Undoubtedly, with the rapid advancements in technology, new devices will continue to be incorporated into surgical interventions for male infertility, expanding the range of treatment options available to urologists.